Turbine.



S. T. HOLLY.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 25, 1903.

93 1 ,87 1 Patented Aug. 24, 1909.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

j/ IIJ/ //y// f u l ""WNIIIII'El` i 32 witnesses: Inventor,

sfT. HOLLY.

TURBINB.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 26. 1903.

l Patented Aug. 24, 1909.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

witnesses S. T. HOLLY.

TURBINE.

APPLIOATION FILED JULY 25. 1903.

Patented Aug. 24, 1909.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

S. T. HOLLY. TURBINE. APPLIOATION FILED JULY z5. 190s.v

Patented Aug. 24. 1909.

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TURBINB.

APPLICATION FILED JULY Z5. 1903.

w,... AM .n /ZS @n an Aw ww ...M5 ZM m 0 0U .Wm kk .BQ w N\ M.. m mw L Qo v 7. /v 8 aqu. NW. 8.o. 9 MR w E@ w UNITED STATES PATEN OFF SOLOMONTOWNSEND HOLLY, 0F LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR 0F ONE-FOURTH T0LUTHER M. MARSTON, ONE-FOURTH TO ANNA MAY HARSTON, AND ONE-FOURTH T0CARRIE C. HOLLY, ALL 0F LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.

TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed July 25, 1903.

Patented Aug. 2a, 1909.

Serial No.166,966.

To all 'whom it may concern:-

Be it known that I, SOLOMON TowNsEND IloLLY, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Los Angeles, in the county of Los lAngeles and Stateof California, have invented new and useful Improvements inTurbine-Engines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a turbine engine or rotary motor adapted to beoperated by,

expansive fluid, such as steam or compressed air, and it relatesparticularly to improvements on the rotary motor disclosed in myapplication Serial N o. 50,739, tiled Mar. 11,

. provide a construction which will combine enable the machine to bebuilt largely ofr sheet metal, thereby obtaining the advantagesresultingv from the greater strength' and uniformity of such metal andobviating the expense of large and complicated castings.

An object lof such construction is also to provide for separability ofthe piston and casing into a plurality of elements, to facilitateassembling and taking apart.

A further object of my invention is to provide improved means foradjusting and regulating the supply of expansive fluid to the motor.

The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention Figure I is a partlysectional end elevation of the en ine. Fig. II is an axial sectionthereof. ig. `III is a fragmentary section of the vane carrying membersof the piston, showing the method of attachment. Fig. IV

is an end view broken in a number of different planes to vshow moreclearly the path of the operating fluid in passing through the engine. yFig. V is a detail section on the line V-V in Fig. II, showing agroup ofsteam inlets. Fig. VI isa detail section on the line VIVI in Fig. II.Figs'VII and VIII are fragmentary views taken on rthe lines VII-VII, andVIII-VIII in Fig. II, looking in `the vdirection of the-arrow. Fig.

IX is a plan, with the top removed. Fig..X is a sectional view of a artof the piston and casing, showing\a dillerent form of the invention.Fig. XI'is a view on the line XI-XI in Fig. X.

1 designates, in a general way, a casing which is mounted on a base 2,on which are also mounted the standards 3 for the bearings 4, whereinthe shaft 5 of the motor is journaled. The rotary piston, designated ina general way at G, is fast on this shaft, within the casing 1.

An annular pressure chamber 7 is formed in the casing 1, around thecircumference thereoffand is formed in its inner wall 8 with ports 9opening inwardly into the working chamber wherein the piston tl rotates.Said piston has a central series of buckets around its circumference,the inlets 10 of said buckets being in the plane of the ports aforesaid,and the said buckets being provided with out-lets 11 leading obliquelyoutward and backward on each side of the inlets. On eachside of thiscentral series of buckets on the piston are provided one or morecircular series of vanes -12 connected or fixed to the casing or frame 1and corresponding series of vanes 13 connected to and moving with thepiston. 'Annular webs,

'flanges or supports 14 are fixed to and project -inwardly from thecasing or frame 1, extending on cach side of the piston, and support aplurality of circular series of 1 vanes 15 arranged in concentriccircles with intervening annular spaces for the reception -fofcorresponding series of vanes 16 on the piston. Annular webs 1 4 and theinner wall of the pressure chamber form a chamber I rected, s0 as to'ca-use the fluid to resume a forward direct-ion of movement for impacti in proper manner on the next series of vanes.

The expansive fluid leaving the ports 9 at a high speed and withconsiderable pressure, enters the inlets -10 of the buckets andstrikes'the inner 'ends or abutments thereof,

ing obliquely backward by the outlets 11 it gives by reaction a furtherimpulse, and in such successive deflection by the successive series ofmoving vanes a further impulse is given the fluid being finallydischarged at the annular spaces between the flanges 14 and the sides ofthe piston.

The piston is of relatively large diameter compared to its axial lengthor thickness, so as to give a high peripheral velocity, with a moderateshaft velocity. With such a construction the central series of bucketswill, owing to their high speed, utilize. a large portion of the energyof the fluid at the first impact before there is any substantial loss byfriction, and the peripheral 'series of vanes are correspondinglyeffective in pro ducing power with a minimum of frictional loss. Inorder, however, to keep the bulk and weight of the machine withinmoderate bounds, I provide only a few 'of such peripheral series ofvanes, and deflect the fluid to act against the series ofvanes on theside of the piston, thereby utilizing the large diameter of the pistonto accommodate a large number of series of vanes, to give the requisitecompounding eHect.

A valve ring 18 is mounted within the annular pressure chamber 7,surrounding or embracing the inner wall 8 thereof, and having ports 9aforesaid to control the admission of fluid pressure to the piston. Foroperating this valve rin 18 I have shown segment racks 20 on said ring,segmental toothed arms 21 engaging said racks and carried by rock shafts22 pivoted in casing 1 and extending through one side of said casing,arms 23 on the outer ends of said shafts 22 and a bar 24 pivotallyconnected to said arms 23. One or both of said arms 23 is provided witha handle 25 by which the arms may be operated to turn the ring throughthe agency of the segment devices aforesaid. Va ve ring 18 is desirablysplit or cut, the two ends thereof being connected by slip joint 26, toprovide a slight play or movement and allow for contraction andexpansion while permitting the valve ring to be pressed tightly upon itsseat by the pressure in chamber 7.

The ends are overlapped, each end being of a reduced thickness, and oneof them slotted longitudinally as at 95 and the other one provided witha stud 96 which projects through the slot. A screw 97 and a washer 98are provided for holding the overlapping portion of the ring together..4

Casing 1 is desirably vconstructed with disk-shaped side walls 2r and aninterposedring`28 which extends into annular seats 29 in the side walls27, and 1s fastened thereto by screws 30. Pressure chamber 7 is formedin saidLinggjZS, which is also formed with intake 31 and outlet 32 forsaid chamber. A ring fitting within an inturned flange 34 on one side ofthe pressure chamber has a lateral flange 8 forming the inner wall ofthe pressure chamber, and valve chamber, and a ring 35 fits within aninturned flan e 34 on the other side of said pressure cham er, the otherside of the ring 28 abutting against the flange 8 to close the otherside of the valve chamber. Rings 36 within the rings 33, 35,bear againstshoulders -38 thereon. On the outer side of each of the rings 33, 35,are rings 37 bearing against. said rings 33, 35, and against inturnedflanges 34, and outside of these rings are the annular Webs orvanesupports 14, all these part-s being fastened together and' to thering 28 by bolts 39, 40. Bolts 39 clamp the rings 37 against flanges 34,said bolts passing through parts 14, 37, 35 and 33. Sleeves 41 act asdistance pieces for rings 33, 35. Bolts 40 pass through parts 14, 37,36, 33, 35. Said bolts 39, 40, have nuts at each end, and it will beseen that with the described construction, either side wall of theengine may be removed and the elements 14, 37 and 35 or 33 may then beremoved in succession on that side of the engine Without disturbing anyparts on the other side. 12 above referred to and other series of vanes12 are carried by rings 36.

The ports or o enings 9 in flange 8 are desirably arrange in groups,each group being of a length substantially equal to the length of theports 19 of valve ring 18. In order to give a finer graduation as thepower is more turned off these ports 9 should be of progressivelysmaller size in the direction of movement of the valve and to this endthimbles or sleeves 109 are inserted in the openings 9, such openingsbeing of equal size and the thimbles having bores of different size togive the desired graduation of said area. By use of different sizes ofsleeves 109, the same engine may be adjustedA to any desired steamcapacity and power, up to a certain maximum. The openings 9 taperinwardlf, and the sleeves 109 taper correspondingy on the outside sothat on slipping them into the openings they will be retained in placeby the inwardly acting pressure.

The construction of parts herein shown, whereby the steam is cut off atthe nozzle or1 outlet to the piston wheel, by closing progressively agradually varying number of the series of ports, is of especialadvantage in' connection with the regulation of the engine. -Whenregulation is effected by a throttle, more or less loss results due toloss of pressure in passing through the throttle, but when theregulation is effected by closing the j et orifices themselves, theamount of steam passing and energy developed may be controlled wifthoutany Wire-drawing or loss of pressure and efficiency.

The drawings show a governor operatml Rings 37 carry series of vanes bythe engine and controlling the valve ring 18. The governor is connectedto the shaft 5 by the worm 44 upon the shaft 5, the wormwheel 45 meshingwith the worm 44 and carried by the shaft 46, and the bevel gear 47meshing with the bevel gear 48 on the shaft for operating the governor.

Piston 6 is built up of separable elements so as to enable the partsthereof to be readily assembled and taken apart and to provide a lightand strong construction. A hub 73 is fastened on the shaft 5 being, forexample, Supported between a cone-shoulder 74 on the shaft and a nut 75screwing in a threaded portion of the shaft. Two disks 76 desirably ofsheet metal fastened to the hub by screws 77, are dished so that theirperipheral portions are closer together than their parts that engage thehub, and a ring .78 is interposed between said disks at theirperipheries and fastened thereto by screws 79. The inlets 10 of thebuckets are formed in this ring, as shown in Figs. V and VI, a series ofholes 80 being bored through this ring parallel to the axis of thepiston to form the abutments of the buckets, and inlets 1() being slotsout obliquely outward from these holes to the periphery, and flaring attheir outer ends so that the intervening metal parts or projections 81taper to sharp edges at their outer ends.V Holes 11 are bored obliquelyout 'ard through each of the side disks .7G to form the outlets of thebuckets, these holes extending from the holes 80, when the parts areassembled. The circumferential distance between the bucket inlets 10, isless than the circinnferential distance of ports 9, thereby obtaining aneven or distributed effect on the piston. In this construction of thisportion of the wheel the inlets l0, or fluid-receiving passages extendinwardly and forwardly at a gradually increasing depth in the' directionin which the wheel is to rotate and the outlets extend from the forwardends of the inlets in duplicate branches outwardly and rearwardly at asubstantially uniform depth to the side surfaces of the wheel.

To support the lateral vanes 16 on the plston, disks 83 desirably ofsheet metal are fastened by screws 84 to thehub 73, and are providedwith annular seats 85 which receive rings 8G carrying the vanesaforesaid, said rings being centeredrby'said seats and fastened in placeby screws 87. Between the peripheral portions of the disks 83 and 76 oneach side, is interposed a ring 88, carry-` ing the series of vanes 13.Screws 8S). pass through these rings 88 on each side into engagementwith the central piston element 76, 78, and screws SlOfasten disks83 torings 88. By this construction, lthe lateral portions 83, 88. of thepiston, on each side,i are readily removable independently of each otherand of the central part 76,278, of the piston. 'lhc construction of suchcentral part, with the convergently dished side disks 76, give a maximumof strength and stiffness for a given weight, and the construction ofthe piston as a whole with the sheet metal disks 76, 83, conduces to thesamc.

The piston structure is desirably made of steel, and the val-ve chamberring 33 is desirably of a material having a greater ex pansibility thansteel, for example, brass, to prevent binding of the parts when theengine is heated by the steam.

The series of fixed vanes 15 are desirably supported and centered insimilar manner in seats 92 in the inner faces of webs 14, being fastenedtherein .by screws 93.

In case the engine is used with steam or compressed air'and exhaustsdirectly into the atmosphere, the casing 1 may be open at. the centerIwhere the shaft passes through, but in some cases, as in working withsteam and with a condenser, and a consequent partial vacuum in thecasing, stuffing boxesl ill will be placed in the casing walls 27 wherethe shaft 5 passes therethrough and stutling boxes wil be provided forrock shafts 2;?, where they pass. Stich box s wil-l also be requiredwhen pressure exists within the chamber, for example, when working withcompressed air and expanding the air from high pressure to a pressureintermediate between such high pressure and atmospheric pressure.

On account of the comparative freedom from frictional resistance in thisengine, both in the bearings and in the fluid pas-l sages, andparticularly on account of the fact that the greater part of theavailable energy can be taken up from the fluid in the first few impactsat the periphery, before there is an opportunity for substantialfrictional loss, the engine is particularly adapted for use as a heatabstracting means in refrigerating apparatus wherein compressed gas iscaused to perform external work, in

passing through an engine which reduces its pressure and temperature.

Owing to the fact that the steam expands as it passes from the inlet tothe outlet, and also owing to the fact that the circumferential areadecreases towardfthe center. I prefer to give the lateral vares 16 agreater area than the radial vanes l2, as by making them longer, and tomake the vanes of the inner or smaller rows longer or wider than thosein the outer or larger rows. In this manner ICO the steam can moreforward with sufficient speed to avoid back pressure. and as theperipheral speed of the vanes decreases as thc center of the piston isapproached, the grad' ualljt7 slowing steam will still exert its ef`vfectiveness upon the vanes. This principle may be further carried outby constructing the engine as shown in Fig. l0, with the side plates 83(lished inwardlv so as to contact at their central portions with thercvcrscly eeLef/i dished plates or disks 7G and to be fastened to thehub i3 by the saine screws 7T that fasicn the plaies T, the peripheralvane carryiupy rings, here shown as more than tivo in number, beingclamped between the outer disks 83 and the inner disks T6 as abovedescribed. The space between the rotary disks 33 and front ivcbs ift isthus made wider toward the center and the successive tif-red andmovine,` vanes l5, 16, can thus be made progressive y Wider as thecenter is ap preached, to allow for Vthe greater volume and lower speedof the steam. The outer webs 14 may also be flared outwardly as shown soas to increase this vvidr-zning,- eil'ect. ln Fig. ll. l have shown thevanes as straight, and inclined to the direction ot rotation in propermanner to deflect, and ref ceive povver from, the currents et steam,y'ihe perforations i9 in the valve ring of such and are located at sucha dis tance apart that when they register with the groups ot ports 9 thesteam will have a tree and unobstructed passage to the ports, and whenthe ring is rotated, the passage to the ports can be partly or Whollyclosed may be desired. 'lhc openings in the valve ring, as well as inthe inlet openings through the port ring, are arranged at an angle orsubstantially tangential to the periphery cit the piston so as todeliver the steam against abutxnents in the most elective manner,

YVith an engine constructed above described, it. is evident that it canbe run at an enormous peripheral velocity, the steam or other mediumbeing delivered at the peri, ery, Where it may exert the greatestleverage and may act on parts moving,l at the highest speed, andtherefore most effective in taking up the energy of the fluid. Fromthere it passes, with ever decreasing speed, toward the center, Wherethe peripheral speed oi the piston is less, until finally it leaves theshell and casing with but little el'ective power inaini'ng in it.increasing the diameter off the engine, its power can be increz greatlywithout detracting from its elicotiveuess by reason of objectionablefeatures. And by delivering the steam at the peripheral center of thepiston and distributing;r it equally in both directions laterally, allend thrust or pressure is avoided.

iii/'hat l claim and desire to secure by Letters-raient et lthe UnitedStates is 1. i motor comprisinf1`- a pressure cha-rn ber havingportsadapten to deliver expansive luid at ,a high velocity, a rotary pistonhaving a central series of circumferential buckets vfith outlets on eachside ot their inlets, concentric series et iis" l and movable vanes, themovable vanes lbeing connected to and moving with the rotary piston andar ranged in circles ot progressively smaller diameter, detlecting meansto conduct the fluid troni the outlet ci the central series or bucketsto the inlet ot the radial series of vanes and fixed deflecting meansadapted to deflect the fluid inwardly to operate upon said concentricseries of vanes.

2. i motor comprisinga casing,1 having a pressure chamber provided withports adapted to deliver expansive 'iiuid at a high velocity, a rotarypiston having a central series oitl circumferential buckets with outletson each side ot their inlets, circular series ot lined and movablevanes, connected respectively to the casingand to the rotary piston andarranged on each side of the said outlets, lined deliectiug meansadapted to defleet inwardly, the expansive fluid from such varies andcircular series of ixed and mcvy ing varies arranged concentrically,each within the precedingseries and connected respectively to the casingand to the rotary piston, l

Si. is; motor comprising a ,Casin 'having an annular pressure chamberprovi ed With inwardly directed ports adapted to deliver eX- pansivefluid at high velocity, a rotary piston provided With a central seriesof circumferential buckets having outlets on each side olf their inlets,circumferential varies on each side ci, and arranged in circles ot equaldiameter with, said central series et buckets, and venes on the sides ofthe rotary piston arranged in concentric circles, and series of varieslocated between the series et pis ton venes.

4i, A turbine piston comprising two dislr members having series ofoblique perforations, and au interposed member having radially inclinedslots connecting said periforations.

5. A turbine piston comprising two disl` members having series ofoblique pertora tions, and an interposed member having radially inclinedslots with enlarged inner por1- tions connecting said perforations. f

6. it turbine piston comprising a hub, tivo disk members attachedthereto, and dislied to approach each other at their peripheries, acontinuous ring interposed between said disk members at theirpcripheries, and means rigidly connecting the peripheral portions of thedislr members to each other and to the interposed ring.

7. it turbine for expansive fluid compris ing a casingl vwith an annularpressure chainber provided with a plurality of ports in its inner vvall,a valve ring surrounding such inner wall and having ports, and a rotarypiston having a plurality of buckets adapted to receive the expansivefluid from the tired ports, the number of said buckets and of the fixedports being greater than the nnn'iber ci valve ports.

S, -in a turbine, a plurality of nozzle openings arranged in series, andsleeves iitting in said openings, said sleeves having` ports and theports opt each series being graduated lie in size, and means for closingsaid port-s progressively.

9. A turbine comprising a casin with an annular pressure chamber rovi edwith ports in its inner wall, a plston having a central series ofbuckets around its circumference, the inlets of said buckets being inthe plane of the ports aforesaid, and the outlet-s of the bucketsleading obliquely outward and backward on each side of the inlets, avalve ring surrounding such inner wall and having ports, and'means foroperating said valve ring, comprising rock shafts extending through thewalls ofthe casing, operating means connected to said rock shafts, armscarried by said rock shafts, and segment gears on the valve ring,engaging with one another.

10. In a turbine, a casing with an annular pressure chamber, having anannular internal flange in each side, a ring bearing against the flangeon one side of the pressure chamber and havin a lateral flange providedwith ports, and a ring abutting againstthe aforesaid ring and flange.

1l. A piston for rotary engines consisting of a substantiallycylindrical body portion and disks secured to the ends thereof, the bodyand the disks being each provided with detiector vanes at its peripheryand each of the disks being provided with circularly arranged vanesprojecting outwardly thereupon.

12. In a rotary engine, a casing, a iston rotatably mounted therein, andradial y and laterally extending vanes, and means for causing the steamto ass first laterally and then radially relative y to the piston.

13. In a rot-ary engine, a casing, a piston rotatably mounted thereinand provided with rows of radially and laterally extending vanes, and ashell around the piston, the interior of which is provided with rows ofradially and laterally arranged vanes, the rows of the shell alternatingwith the rows of the piston, and the said casing being provided withinlet and outlet and detiecting means to direct the operating fluidsuccessively against the radially and laterally extending vanes.

14. A rotary piston member adjusted to be actuated by impact of anexpansive fluid, a pressure chamber surrounding said piston member andprovided with a plurality of port openings adjacent to said pistonmember, means flor supplying expansive fluid to said pressure chamber, avalve ring provided with a plurality of ports arranged in series, theports of each series being graduated in size and adapted to close saidport openings progressively, and engine-operated governor `meanscontrolling said valve ring.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses, at Los Angeles, in the county ofLos Angeles and State of California, this 16th day of July, 1903.

SOLOMON TOWNSEND HOLLY.

